Using literature analysis, logical analysis, historical analysis, and comparative research methods under the Multiple-Streams theoretical framework, this study systematically examines the evolution of adolescents’ sports health promotion policies in China since the founding of the People's Republic of China, and divides the evolution into five stages: exploration period of New China founding (1949-1966), turbulence period of 'Cultural Revolution' (1966-1977), development period of reform and opening-up (1978-1998), transformation period of new century (1999-2011), and advancement period of New Era (2012-present). The evolutionary characteristics are identified: transitioning from focusing on national defense to student fitness enhancement, and subsequently from physical fitness to comprehensive sports health. And the dynamic mechanisms are demonstrated: problem stream providing endogenous motivation, policy stream providing intellectual impetus, political stream providing fundamental driving force, the strategic integration of which constitutes the driving mechanism for policy evolution. Building on the previous analysis,optimizing strategies are proposed, namely enhancing problem identification addressing practical needs, expanding policy advocacy for decision-making optimization, strengthening political guidance for institutional refinement and promoting the convergence of three sources for driving policy linkage.

Sports facilities serve as a crucial lever for promoting the high-quality development of sports, addressing shortcomings in sports infrastructure, understanding its current status and distribution, and strategically planning future layouts. They represent a vital pathway towards constructing a modernized sports powerhouse in China. Based on the perspective of spatial justice, utilizes multi-source data and GIS spatial analysis methods to analyze the spatial characteristics of sports facilities in Guangzhou. It evaluates their accessibility and equity from both grid and street scales, and provides suggestions for rational layout and optimization. The research reveals that: 1) Guangzhou's sports facilities exhibit significant clustering features, showing an overall pattern of "central clustering and peripheral dispersion," with localized emphasis on a "central urban area dominance with multiple core peripheral clusters" layout; 2) The accessibility level of sports facilities is relatively good, with noticeable differences between different districts, spatially indicating "higher in the central region, lower in the peripheral region," and directionally displaying a "higher in the west, lower in the east" trend. Recommendations from the study include ensuring new sports facilities align with human concerns in positioning and layout, enhancing the quality and efficiency of existing sports facilities, exploring sports facility spaces in other urban areas, and recognizing the significant benefits of grassroots sports facilities and transportation networks.

The widespread development of sports voluntary services is an important path to promote implementation of national fitness strategy. This paper uses literature review and case analysis methods to explore practical effectiveness, shortcomings, and development strategies of sports voluntary services in Shanghai. Shanghai has achieved good results in development of sports voluntary services through measures such as improving policies and regulations, strengthening organizational management, consolidating conditions and guarantees, optimizing evaluation and incentives. However, there are also problems such as insufficient integration of policies and regulations, weak planning, poor coordination and management among multiple departments, low autonomy of industry associations, insufficient mobilization of social resources, lagging information security, supervision and evaluation need to be refined, and incentives and commendations need to be improved. To better promote development of sports voluntary services in Shanghai, firstly, need to strengthen integration of policies and regulations, and develop a plan for development of sports voluntary services; Secondly, need to deepen collaborative cooperation among multiple departments and give industry associations more autonomy; Thirdly, should pay attention to excavation of social resources and promote informatization construction of sports voluntary services; The fourth is to improve supervision and evaluation mechanism, and perfect incentive and commendation measures for sports voluntary services.

Against the backdrop of the convergence of population aging and the digital technology revolution, digital intelligence empowerment provides new technical support and methodological innovation for the active health management of the elderly. However, the digital and intelligent active health management of the elderly is still in the stage of exploration and development in China, and its theoretical connotation and practical path are still constantly evolving and improving. This study employs research methods such as literature review and logical analysis to systematically sort out the basic connotation of digital intelligence empowering the active health of the elderly. Based on the traditional TOE theoretical framework, “Human” factors are introduced to form the TOE-H combination framework, highlighting the subjectivity and heterogeneity characteristics of the elderly group. Based on the four-dimensional aspects of technology, organization, environment and population, this paper systematically analyzes the practical predicaments and solutions faced by the practice of active health management for the elderly empowered by digital intelligence. Research suggests that the fundamental connotation of intelligent empowerment for the active health of the elderly lies in the deep integration of digital intelligence technology and the active health of the elderly, building a data-driven and intelligent decision-making personalized health management model, promoting the transformation of the elderly from passive medical treatment to active prevention, and achieving an overall optimization of their physiological, psychological and social functions. At present, the application of digital and intelligent technologies faces practical predicaments such as insufficient elderly-friendliness, lagging digital transformation of the elderly care service system, imbalance in the supply of the digital inclusive health service market, and a prominent digital divide among the elderly. Based on this, it is suggested to further promote the adaptation of digital and intelligent services and applications for the elderly, drive the digital transformation of the elderly health service system, improve policy guarantees and market ecosystems, strengthen social support and cognitive guidance, etc., with the aim of providing theoretical references and practical guidance for building a digital and intelligent elderly proactive health management system with Chinese characteristics.

Using literature, mathematical statistics and other research methods, to explore the practical characteristics of Chinese sports land supply, aiming to promote the high-quality development of sport. Practical characteristics: The overall scale is increasing, and the sports land supply is "fragmented". The overall quality of land supply is high, and the "polarization" of land supply at different levels is significant. There are differences in land supply patterns for sports land in urban areas in China, with non-central area "dominated by quantity" and central areas "spreading out by surface". The land supply mode is relatively single, and the marketization process of sports land supply mode is relatively slow. Accordingly, the practical enlightenment is proposed: Promote the "quantity and quality" of sports land supply, building a comprehensive and multi-level sports land system. Reshape the differentiated land supply idea of urban center and non-central area, improving the supply tone of sports land. Take the allocation of land as the main body, pay attention to coordinating the interests of multiple subjects, and expand ways of supplying sports land.

In the era of digital economy, strengthening the legal protection of data rights and interests of sports enterprises in China has also become an important lever to promote the construction of sports and digital rule of law. By comprehensively utilizing literature review, logical analysis, and other methods, this study explores the legal dilemma and resolution path of data rights protection for sports enterprises in China. Research suggests that sports enterprise data has been widely applied in fields such as national fitness, sports industry, competitive sports, youth and school sports, and sports science research. However, there are currently four legal dilemmas: in terms of legislation, legislation on sports enterprise data rights lags behind protection practices, and local legislation lacks unified standards; In terms of law enforcement, the subject of data supervision for sports enterprises needs to be clarified, and there is a lack of data supervision basis based on application scenarios; In terms of justice, the difficulty in collecting data evidence has led to infringement disputes, and the judicial supervision mechanism for sports enterprise data has failed; In terms of compliance, sports enterprises have a vague awareness of self-protection of data rights and interests, and their data security and compliance systems are lagging behind. In view of this, it is necessary to coordinate legislation between the central and local governments, and improve the legal and regulatory system for sports enterprise data rights and interests; Promote the adaptation of law enforcement work and improve the data law enforcement supervision system for sports enterprises; Intensify judicial protection efforts and optimize the judicial protection system for sports enterprise data rights and interests; Cultivate the awareness of legal compliance among stakeholders and establish a data compliance system for sports enterprises.

To build a group of internationally competitive independent sports event brands, which can effectively connect the sports industry with urban elements, promote the integration of sports event brands into urban governance and sustainable development practices. The relationship between sports events and urban governance quality is based on a symbiotic relationship characterized by multi-party collaboration, multi-mechanism linkage, continuous mutual development, and shared development environment. However, there are some practical obstacles in the dimensions of symbiotic units, symbiotic interfaces, symbiotic models, and symbiotic environments, which significantly hinder the realization of the achievements in sports event brand building and their empowering effects. This article, combining symbiosis theory with the existing practical problems, analyzes the collaborative path between the sports event-related industry and the refined governance of the city, providing valuable exploration for leveraging sports events to address urban governance and development issues.

New quality productivity is an important driving force for the high-quality development of Chinese path to modernization, showing strong theoretical applicability and guidance. Seeking ways to develop in response to the shortcomings and problems faced by the current marathon event, mainly using literature review, the authors in this study take the empowerment of new quality productivity in marathon events as the research object, exploring its theoretical logic, practical difficulties, and improvement paths. It is believed that the value of new quality productivity in empowering marathon events lies in promoting supply side structural reform, leveraging the effect of supplementing and strengthening chains, strengthening data empowerment, and improving event quality and services; In response to the persistent problems of marathon events: imbalance, insufficiency, incompleteness, and lack of coordination in the race; lack of innovation capability, making it difficult to form unique event IPs; imperfect organization and operation mechanism of the competition; and lack of sound industry chain centered around sports events., the authors put forward several suggestions from macroscopic, medium and microscopic levels. Macroscopic level: assess the situation, clarify the direction, and strengthen guarantees; Medium level: strengthen technological empowerment, shape distinctive event IPs, and enhance security standard; Microscopic level: correct attitude towards competition, enhance knowledge of sports health, and promote the spirit of sports.

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) exhibits high sensitivity to selection pressures related to energy demands and has a high mutation rate. Nonsynonymous mutations have a significant impact on energy metabolism and can reflect to some extent the process of acquiring human aerobic endurance. Studies on mammals and birds have found that the degradation of locomotor ability is associated with the accumulation of mtDNA nonsynonymous mutations after the relaxation of energy metabolic constraints. Compared to other primates, the co-evolution of mtDNA nonsynonymous mutations and nuclear DNA allows humans to selectively acquire aerobic endurance. Due to the easy accessibility of energy and the non-necessity of endurance exercise in modern society, the accumulation of mtDNA nonsynonymous mutations has gradually increased, occupying the gene pool and even triggering more chronic metabolic diseases. Based on the relationship between mtDNA nonsynonymous mutations and the degradation of locomotor ability in mammals and birds, it is suggested that humans set conditions for energy metabolic constraints by themselves, i.e., actively engage in aerobic exercise to maintain the purity of mtDNA, prevent mtDNA nonsynonymous mutations, and sustain human health from both individual and evolutionary time scales.

Objective: Regular exercise induces physiological adaptation through proteomic remodeling, but the mechanisms of cross-tissue interactions, exercise modality specificity, and the influence of population heterogeneity remain unclear. This study integrates 24 proteomics studies through systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the regulatory patterns of different exercise modalities (aerobic, resistance, combined) and how population characteristics affect the proteome. Methods: A comprehensive search strategy was applied across multiple databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, and CNKI, with the search period from January 2005 to December 2024. Results: (1) Cross-tissue analysis identified six exercise-responsive proteins: apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1), apolipoprotein B (APOB), microfibrillar-associated protein 4 (MFAP4), alpha-1-antitrypsin (SERPINA1), heat shock protein beta-1 (HSPB1), and thimet oligopeptidase 1 (THOP1). (2) In skeletal muscle, aerobic exercise-related differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were predominantly involved in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, while resistance exercise-related DEPs were mainly associated with myofibril protein synthesis. Both aerobic and combined exercise-related DEPs were involved in regulating blood signal receptor activities. (3) Proteins with population-specific expression patterns included heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein (HSPA8), transthyretin (TTR), and prolyl endopeptidase FAP (FAP). (4) Meta-analysis revealed consistent expression trends for proteins such as HSPD1 and FAP (pooled effect size, P < 0.05), although some proteins exhibited high heterogeneity (I²> 90%). Conclusion: APOA1, APOB, MFAP4, SERPINA1, HSPB1, and THOP1 showed stable responses across tissues, indicating their potential as biomarkers for exercise adaptation. The differentially expressed proteins specific to healthy and diseased populations differed. This study provides valuable insights into tissue- and population-specific proteomic remodeling induced by exercise, offering molecular evidence for understanding exercise adaptation mechanisms and the development of personalized exercise prescriptions.

Objective: Velocity-based training (VBT), as an emerging training method that monitors and evaluates specialized strength training through the strength-speed relationship, can effectively improve the refinement and accuracy level of training load control and fatigue monitoring. The article aims to comprehensively analyze and evaluate the applicability and effectiveness of VBT in the development of rapid strength abilities, so as to provide support for scientific strength training. Method: Articles related to rapid strength training and neuromuscular adaptation mechanisms were searched from PubMed, CNKI, and Web of Science databases to systematically summarizes and analyzes the applicability principles, biological mechanisms, research methods, scientific evidence, and cutting-edge progress of empirical study with VBT training. Results: (1) VBT can optimize training design based on individualized Load-Velocity Profile, and effectively stimulate the power output and stable support ability of target muscle groups for maintaining speed. (2) VBT is suitable for monitoring explosive force performance related to Ballistic training, promoting the improvement of muscle power output ability and metabolic adaptability. (3) VBT is an effective way to improve the rigidity of the muscle-tendon complex under rapid force, improve centripetal/centrifugal imbalance and muscle coordination, promote muscle fiber type conversion and nerve driven dynamic muscle strength enhancement. (4) The application of VBT combined with digital monitoring equipment can accurately and objectively set load intensity, provide real-time feedback on training rhythm and completion quality, and effectively predict Dynamic Strength Index (DSI) and integrate training elements. (5) VBT can effectively activate the neuromuscular system while monitoring fatigue based on velocity loss, improve sufficiency and repeatability of training, and achieve simultaneous training of muscle strength/explosive power and aerobic power. Conclusion: VBT helps to improve the refinement, personalization, and accuracy level of training load monitoring and training program control, and has good applicability in promoting the adaptability of neuromuscular function, as well as in functional training such as Ballistic training for development of rapid strength and explosive power.

Based on the background of building China into a sports power, this paper systematically combs the academic evolution and practical challenges of the concept of sports consumption, and reveals the logical dilemmas of the traditional "narrow-broad" binary division framework in narrowing, generalization and the definition of public good attributes. By analyzing the characteristics of sports consumption such as high-level needs, diversified forms, and public - private mixed nature, and combining the trend of integration of emerging formats and technology, this paper proposes a concept reconstruction framework with the core constraint condition that the whole process of "motivation - behavior - utility" conforms to the sports spirit. The framework emphasizes that sports consumption needs to meet the three-level standards of motivation (sports participation orientation), behavior (sports practice transformation) and utility (sports value realization), and verifies its effectiveness in excluding non - sports motivation consumption and defining public good payment disputes through cases. The study provides an interdisciplinary integration perspective for the theoretical innovation and practical development of sports consumption in the new era, and helps to achieve the goal of high - quality development of the sports industry.